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2008

Koslicki, Kathrin

The aim of this article is to illustrate how a belief in the existence of kinds may be justified for the particular case of natural kinds: particularly noteworthy in this respect is the weight borne by scientific natural kinds (e.g., physical, chemical, and biological kinds) in (i) inductive...

2009

Brigandt, Ingo

Despite the traditional focus on metaphysical issues in discussions of natural kinds in biology, epistemological considerations are at least as important. By revisiting the debate as to whether taxa are kinds or individuals, I argue that both accounts are metaphysically compatible, but that one...

1993

Zupko, Jack

Nominalists, it is said, are defined by their opposition to the needless multiplication of entities. For most fourteenth-century nominalists, parsimony was in the first instance a logico-semantic matter, raising the question of how one should explain the truth conditions of sentences without...

2015

Ku, John, Plunkett, David, Nye, Howard

Morality seems important, in the sense that there are practical reasons — at least for most of us, most of the time — to be moral. A central theoretical motivation for consequentialism is that it appears clear that there are practical reasons to promote good outcomes, but mysterious why we should...

1986

Pelletier, Francis J., Rudnicki, Piotr

Introduction: Some problems that are difficult for automated theorem provers (ATPs) are so merely because of their size, but not because of any logical or conceptual complexity. Examples of this type of difficult problem have been published in the past: see Pelletier [1986: problems 12, 29, 34,...

2014

Linsky, Bernard

Bertrand Russell took fourteen pages of notes on Meinong’s Untersuchungen zur Gegenstandstheorie und Psychologie [Studies in object theory and psychology] in preparation for his review of the book in Mind. Translations of Russell’s letters from Alexius Meinong, Rudolf Ameseder and Ernst Mally...

2013

Nye, Howard

The Doctrine of Double Effect [DDE] states roughly that it is harder to justify causing or allowing harm as a means to an end than it is to justify conduct that results in harm as a side effect. This chapter argues that a theory of deontological constraints on harming needs something like the DDE...

2022-01-01

Katalin Bimbó

The generalized Galois logic approach (i.e., gaggle theory), introduced by Dunn, provides a systematic way to define semantics for many substructural logics in the form of a relational representation of their Lindenbaum algebras. We provide an overview of some conceptual antecedents that we think...

2005

Koslicki, Kathrin

This paper concerns a fundamental dispute in ontology between the “Foundational Ontologist”, who believes that there is only one correct way of characterizing what there is, and the ontological “Skeptic”, who believes that there are viable alternative characterizations of what there is. I examine...

1977

Pelletier, Francis J.

It is an extremely popular view among logicians and some linguists (McCawley, Hurford) that there are two distinct or's in English - an \"inclusive\" and an \"exclusive\". It seems equally popular among lexicographers, experts on proper usage, and some linguists (R. Lakoff) that there is only...