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A multi-scale test of the forage maturation hypothesis in a partially migratory ungulate population
Download2008
McDermid, G., Hebblewhite, M., Merrill, E.
The forage maturation hypothesis (FMH) proposes that ungulate migration is driven by selection for high forage quality. Because quality declines with plant maturation, but intake declines at low biomass, ungulates are predicted to select for intermediate forage biomass to maximize energy intake...
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2004
Paquet, P.C., Hik, D.S., Frame, P.F., Cluff, H.D.
Wolves (Canis lupus) on the Canadian barrens are intimately linked to migrating herds of barren-ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus). We deployed a Global Positioning System (GPS) radio collar on an adult female wolf to record her movements in response to changing caribou densities near her den...
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Residual tree retention ameliorates short-term effects of clear-cutting on some boreal songbirds
Download2001
Hannon, S. J., Norton, M. R., Tittler, R.
Abstract: Retention of residual trees in \"cutblocks,\" logged blocks of forest, has been proposed as a method to conserve songbirds in landscapes fragmented by clear-cut logging. We examined songbird communities in the boreal mixed-wood forest of Alberta, Canada, to investigate the effect on...
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2005
Mercer, G., St. Clair, C. C., Whittington, J.
Increasing levels of human activity in mountainous areas have high potential to inhibit animal movement across and among valleys. We examined how wolves respond to roads, trails, and other developments. We recorded the movements of two wolf packs for two winters by following their tracks in the...
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State-space models link elk movement patterns to landscape characteristics in Yellowstone National Park
Download2007
Smith, D. W., Anderson, D. P., Ives, A. R., Turner, M. G., Beyer, H. L., Boyce, M. S., Forester, J. D., Fortin, D.
Explaining and predicting animal movement in heterogeneous landscapes remains challenging. This is in part because movement paths often include a series of short, localized displacements separated by longer-distance forays. This multiphasic movement behavior reflects the complex response of an...
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Trade-offs between predation risk and forage differ between migrant strategies in a migratory ungulate
Download2009
Trade-offs between predation risk and forage fundamentally drive resource selection by animals. Among migratory ungulates, trade-offs can occur at large spatial scales through migration, which allows an \"escape'' from predation, but trade-offs can also occur at finer spatial scales. Previous...
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2007
Merrill, E., Varley, N., Boyce, M. S., Beyer, H. L.
Reintroduction of wolves (Canis lupus) to Yellowstone National Park in 1995–1996 has been argued to promote a trophic cascade by altering elk (Cervus elaphus) density, habitat-selection patterns, and behavior that, in turn, could lead to changes within the plant communities used by elk. We...
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Wolf Reproduction in Response to Caribou Migration and Industrial Development on the Central Barrens of Mainland Canada
Download2008
Cluff, H.D., Frame, P.F., Hik, D.S.
Reproductive success of mammals is greatly influenced by food availability. Where wolves (Canis lupus) prey on migratory barren-ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus), caribou migration patterns strongly influence food availability for wolves. However, industrial development in formerly undeveloped...
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Wolves Influence Elk Movements: Behavior Shapes a Trophic Cascade in Yellowstone National Park
Download2005
Fortin, D., Beyer, H. L., Smith, D. W., Boyce, M. S., Mao, J. S., Duchesne, T.
A trophic cascade recently has been reported among wolves, elk, and aspen on the northern winter range of Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA, but the mechanisms of indirect interactions within this food chain have yet to be established. We investigated whether the observed trophic cascade...