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Drug Exposure Definition and Healthy User Bias Impacts on the Evaluation of Oral Anti Hyperglycemic Therapies
DownloadFall 2017
Accurate estimation of medication use is an essential component of any pharmacoepidemiological research as exposure misclassification will threaten study validity and lead to spurious associations. Many pharmacoepidemiological studies use simple definitions, such as the categorical “any versus no...
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Influenza Vaccination in Patients with Diabetes: Exploration of the Healthy User in Pharmacoepidemiology Studies
DownloadFall 2015
Pharmacoepidemiologic studies of preventive medications or therapies are prone to the healthy user bias, as patients who are prescribed and adhere to preventive medications/therapies are likely different than patients not receiving these medications in multiple aspects of their lives. These...
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International Comparison of Time to Treatment Intensification and Rates of Complications in Metformin Monotherapy Treated Type 2 Diabetes Patients
DownloadFall 2018
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a progressive disease which affects many people in Canada and the United States, and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes is only expected to increase in the future. Pharmacological interventions are a cornerstone of the management of type 2 diabetes as they help to...
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The Impact of Restrictive Drug Coverage Policies on Pharmacoepidemiologic Methods and Health Outcomes
DownloadSpring 2012
The unintended consequences of restrictive drug coverage policies on epidemiologic research methods and population health outcomes have been understudied. The primary objective of this program of research was to study the impact of these policies on the magnitude and direction of potential bias...
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Spring 2023
Adaptive learning systems (ALSs) serve as a way to personalize learning experiences for students to improve their learning outcomes. Many studies have been conducted to develop and examine ALSs in terms of their effects on student learning outcomes compared to the traditional classroom settings....
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Fall 2012
Individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have an increased risk of bladder cancer, relative to non-diabetic individuals. We aimed to investigate factors that may influence this association. Some reports suggest an association between the glucose-lowering drug pioglitazone and bladder cancer. Our...