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Toxic effects induced in mammalian immune cells after in vitro exposure to oil sands process-affected water and its fractions
DownloadFall 2019
Oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) is produced by the surface mining industry in Alberta as a byproduct of the Clark hot water process, the currently used extraction method of crude oil from bitumen/tar sands. Under a provincial zero release policy all produced OSPW must be stored on site....
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