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Tension and Compression Behaviour of Masonry Walls with Shear Connectors
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- Author / Creator
- Romero, Danny J.
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Masonry connectors are used in wythe wall systems to either transfer lateral loads or increase composite behaviour. As future energy code requirements are updated, insulation is increasing which increases the cavity within walls which affects a connector’s behaviour. Due to a lack of masonry research, North American design standards use an empirical design approach based on concrete capacity assumptions for all masonry connectors. Using one approach for all connectors creates overly conservative results for design because connectors with different geometries and material properties behave differently. This study aims to improve the understanding of connector behaviour within a double wythe wall specimen by testing four common connector types which are Z-tie and rectangular ties found in past construction and plated connectors in two different orientations found in modern construction. A novel inclined connector is also tested. 62 connectors are tested under tension and compression loading within a self-reacting testing frame with LVDTs and load cells used to measure the data. The connectors are in miniature double wythe wall specimens comprised of a concrete masonry unit, insulation, cavity, and veneer wythe of either clay or concrete. Another separate thesis program has tested the connectors in shear which discusses the composite behaviour. This study will investigate peak loads, displacements, and failure modes which will be verified to existing equations from previous research. Under tension loading, all tie connectors experienced a type of embedment breakout failure and the plated connectors experienced either breakout or pull-out failure. The utilization of an embedment veneer tie increases the effective concrete breakout area if a higher embedment tension capacity is required. Under compression, most specimens experienced elastic Euler buckling and were compared to the expected Euler buckling load with an effective length of 0.7. The recorded average peak load under tension and compression for all connectors is greater than the P_ult minimum value of 1000 N used for ties in the CSA A370:14 standard.
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- Graduation date
- Spring 2024
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- Type of Item
- Thesis
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- Degree
- Master of Science
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- License
- This thesis is made available by the University of Alberta Libraries with permission of the copyright owner solely for non-commercial purposes. This thesis, or any portion thereof, may not otherwise be copied or reproduced without the written consent of the copyright owner, except to the extent permitted by Canadian copyright law.