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Digestibility of Diets Including Canola Expeller and Wheat Millrun Fed with a Multi- Enzyme Blend to Weaned Pigs
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- Author / Creator
- Soderstrom, Alyson J
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Pork production in Canada faces many hurdles to maintain economic and environmental sustainability, and feeding coproducts to nursery pigs opens doors to improve both. Feeding coproducts, however, is not without unique challenges when fed to nursery pigs in terms of nutrient digestibility. Fibre can be detrimental to nutrient digestibility and subsequent growth performance; however, supplemental dietary enzymes can mitigate some of the risks by increasing digestibility of the fibre and other nutrients. As a unique coproduct from pressing of canola seed for oil, canola expeller (CE) has more remaining oil compared to canola meal, which can add energy to weaned pig diets. In Chapter 2, a multi-enzyme blend was added to diets containing 250 g CE/kg and fed to ileal cannulated weaned pigs. Two different samples of CE were fed to determine the difference in processing facilities on nutritive value. Twelve cannulated weaned pigs [12-18 kg body weight (BW)] were fed in a double 6 (pig) × 3 (period) Youden square. The coefficient of apparent ileal and total tract digestibility (CAID and CATTD) was calculated and compared to feeding a basal control diet. Feeding CE decreased the CAID and CATTD of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and gross energy (GE). Conversely, feeding CE increased the digestible energy (DE) and net energy (NE) values compared with the basal diet. Despite variances in proximate analyses of the CE samples (CP, fibre and crude fat), digestibility did not differ between the two CE sources. Multi-enzyme inclusion did not affect diets including CE but did increase the CATTD of DM and GE and NE values of the basal diet. Canola expeller inclusion can increase the energy content of diets and thus assist weaned pigs in meeting their energy requirements without added liquid canola oil. Wheat millrun (WM) is a valuable coproduct from flour milling that is usually fed to livestock, including older pigs. Its relative high fibre content precludes the inclusion in diets for young pigs to ensure optimal
growth and efficiency during the critical young production stage. In Chapter 3, 75 g WM/kg was included in 4 experimental diets. The positive control (PC) had a higher energy value and lysine content than the negative control (NC), whereas the remaining 2 experimental diets were the NC containing either 0.2 or 0.4 g/kg of a commercial multi-enzyme blend, containing amylase, cellulase, glucanase, invertase, protease, xylanase, to determine a dose response. The experimental diets were fed to ileal cannulated weaned pigs (11-15 kg BW) in a double 4 × 5 Youden square. As expected, the CAID of lysine, and DE and NE values were greater for feeding the PC than NC diet. However, effects of enzyme dose on digestibility of the NC diet were not observed. In summary, adding a single or double dose of multi-enzyme did not increase CAID and CATTD of DM, CP, GE and AA compared to the PC. In conclusion, adding 250 g CE/kg to weaned pig diets creates an opportunity to maintain or increase the energy; however, enzyme inclusion did not specifically affect CE digestibility. Similarly, inclusion of two multi- enzyme doses did not affect digestibility of diets containing WM. The findings from this thesis provide evidence supporting dietary enzyme and coproduct inclusion in weaned pig diets; however, for both coproducts specifically, the optimal enzyme blend, activity and substrate requires further evaluation. -
- Subjects / Keywords
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- Graduation date
- Fall 2023
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- Type of Item
- Thesis
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- Degree
- Master of Science
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- License
- This thesis is made available by the University of Alberta Libraries with permission of the copyright owner solely for non-commercial purposes. This thesis, or any portion thereof, may not otherwise be copied or reproduced without the written consent of the copyright owner, except to the extent permitted by Canadian copyright law.