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The impact of hydraulic fracturing fluid on two key aquatic species: the water flea, Daphnia magna, and the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss.
DownloadSpring 2019
Wastewater produced during hydraulic fracturing activities (termed flowback and produced water; FPW), is a complex solution containing metals, organics and high concentrations of salts. The number of reported FPW spills affecting aquatic and/or terrestrial environments has increased with the rise...
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